Some pictures of the American Space Telescope Chandra X-ray showed the presence of a superfluid matter and without friction. The laboratories were created in the superfluid quickly amazed scientists with their amazing properties: they can climb up walls and can even break out some airtight containers. The discovery was made in an uproar throughout the scientific community, and certainly is a step of considerable importance for the studio delle interazioni nucleari fra i superfluidi, lo stato della materia più denso mai concepito.
Le stelle di neutroni sono fatte della materia più densa mai scoperta, tanto che un cucchiaio di essa peserebbe 6 miliardi di tonnellate. La pressione al centro è così elevata che le particelle elettricamente cariche come gli elettroni e i protoni si fondono, dando vita ad una stella composta precipuamente da particelle senza carica elettrica: i neutroni (se essi si dovessero polverizzare, darebbero vita ad un buco nero, ma questo non è attinente all'argomento).
Two different teams of researchers studied the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A), the remains of a massive star that exploded 11,330 years ago, although it can be discerned in the sky only about 350 years. The Chandra telescope (I must remember that its director is Riccardo Giacconi, and I greet him again) was able to identify an almost imperceptible decrease (about 4%) in the temperature of the star over the past two decades.
"This drop in temperature, although it sounds very small, it was really dramatic and amazing to see," said Dany Page of the National Autonomous University located in Mexico. "This implies that something unusual is happening in this neutron star."
The superfluid containing charged particles are also super-conductors, which is to say that they are perfect conductors of electricity and never lose power or intensity. The new results suggest that protons are superfluid at the center of the star and, since they are equipped with electric charge, which also acts as a superconductor. A quantum revolution nell'idrodinamica, the branch that studies the superfluid.
According to the two research teams, cooling should last for a few more years and then slow down. While on Earth because the superfluid can arise are freezing temperatures, in a neutron star can make life even billions of degrees Celsius. Until now, the peak was unknown, but the two teams have drawn up between five hundred million and one billion degrees.
Cas A will allow scientists to test their inferences about how the strong force that binds subatomic particles, acting under the influence of the superfluid. It will also be of considerable importance to understand this little-known classification of stars.
We just have to congratulate Chandra and wait for the exciting news that ci arriveranno su Cas A.
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